THE githubnext FONT IS mad ugly bro

idfk how it could be that fucking chopped

.gitattributes

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 *.pt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.jsonl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@
     "**/cache/": true
   },
   "pylint.args": ["--generated-members=cv2.*", "--extension-pkg-whitelist=cv2"],
+//   "editor.fontFamily": "'JetbrainsMono Nerd Font', Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace"
 }

README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Smoking Detection Pipeline
 
-A robust, multi-stage computer vision pipeline designed to detect smoking events in video files or real-time RTSP streams. The system uses a cascade of YOLO models to ensure high precision and low false positives.
+A robust, multi-stage computer vision pipeline designed to detect smoking events in video files, webcams, or real-time RTSP streams. The system uses a cascade of YOLO models with early-exit optimization for high precision and low latency.
 
 ## 🏗 Architecture
 
-The pipeline operates in a "Fail-Fast" cascade to optimize performance:
+The pipeline operates in a "Fail-Fast" cascade with **early exit** optimization:
 
 1. **Broad Phase (Person Detection)**:
 
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ The pipeline operates in a "Fail-Fast" cascade to optimize performance:
 
 2. **Narrow Phase (Cigarette Candidate Detection)**:
 
-   - Crops the detected person (with a 20% margin for context).
+   - Crops the detected person (with configurable margin for context).
    - Runs a specialized YOLO detector to find small objects (cigarettes/lighters).
+   - _Early Exit_: If confidence ≥ 0.8, skips verification phase entirely.
    - _Filter_: Rejects candidates smaller than 10x10 pixels.
 
 3. **Verification Phase (Classification)**:
 
-   - Crops the candidate object.
+   - Crops the candidate object with padding.
    - Runs a dedicated Binary Classifier to verify "Smoking" vs "Not Smoking".
    - _Output_: Only high-confidence events are flagged as alerts.
 
@@ -27,12 +28,15 @@ The pipeline operates in a "Fail-Fast" cascade to optimize performance:
 
 - **GPU Acceleration**: Auto-detects CUDA and runs inference on GPU when available.
 - **Async Inference**: Detection runs in a background thread; video output never lags.
-- **Adaptive Sampling**: 
+- **Early Exit**: High-confidence detections skip the verification stage for faster alerts.
+- **Adaptive Sampling**:
   - **Idle Mode (2 FPS)**: When no people are detected, saves compute.
   - **Active Mode (Max FPS)**: Switches to full speed when activity is detected.
   - **Cooldown**: Stays active for 2 seconds after people leave frame.
 - **Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS)**: Cleans up overlapping boxes per-class.
 - **Smart Event Recording**: Captures 2s before + 3s after each smoking event as separate clips.
+- **Live Display**: Real-time visualization window with 'q' to quit.
+- **Metrics Tracking**: FPS, latency, detection counts with summary on exit.
 
 ## 🚀 Usage
 
@@ -58,28 +62,42 @@ uv sync
 # Run on a local video file
 uv run main.py --source videos/test_footage.mp4
 
-# Run on an RTSP stream
-uv run main.py --source rtsp://admin:[email protected]:554/stream --rtsp
+# Run on webcam (index 0)
+uv run main.py --source 0 --display
 
-# Enable debug logging (see frame-by-frame details)
+# Run on webcam with live display, no file output
+uv run main.py --source 0 --display --no-save
+
+# Run on an RTSP stream (auto-detected)
+uv run main.py --source rtsp://admin:[email protected]:554/stream
+
+# Enable debug logging
 uv run main.py --source videos/test.mp4 --debug
 ```
 
+### Check Available Webcams
+
+```bash
+uv run -m tools.webcam_check
+```
+
 ### CLI Arguments
 
-| Argument         | Default                    | Description                                                               |
-| :--------------- | :------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| `--source`       | **Required**               | Path to video file or RTSP URL.                                           |
-| `--rtsp`         | `False`                    | Set this flag if the source is an RTSP stream (enables threaded reading). |
-| `--output`       | `output.mp4`               | Path for the annotated output video.                                      |
-| `--person-model` | `models/human-det-best.pt` | Path to the Person Detection YOLO model.                                  |
-| `--cig-model`    | `models/cig-det-best.pt`   | Path to the Cigarette Detection YOLO model.                               |
-| `--verify-model` | `models/cig-cls-best.pt`   | Path to the Verification/Classifier model.                                |
-| `--debug`        | `False`                    | Enable verbose logging.                                                   |
+| Argument         | Default                    | Description                                         |
+| :--------------- | :------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------- |
+| `--source`       | **Required**               | Video file, webcam index (0, 1), or RTSP URL.       |
+| `--rtsp`         | `False`                    | Force RTSP mode (auto-detected for `rtsp://` URLs). |
+| `--output`       | `output.mp4`               | Path for the annotated output video.                |
+| `--display`      | `False`                    | Show live preview window (press 'q' to quit).       |
+| `--no-save`      | `False`                    | Skip video/event output (useful with `--display`).  |
+| `--person-model` | `models/human-det-best.pt` | Path to the Person Detection YOLO model.            |
+| `--cig-model`    | `models/cig-det-best.pt`   | Path to the Cigarette Detection YOLO model.         |
+| `--verify-model` | `models/cig-cls-best.pt`   | Path to the Verification/Classifier model.          |
+| `--debug`        | `False`                    | Enable verbose logging.                             |
 
 ## 📊 Outputs
 
-The system generates four types of artifacts during execution:
+The system generates multiple artifacts during execution:
 
 1. **Visual Debug (`output.mp4`)**:
 
@@ -91,12 +109,10 @@ The system generates four types of artifacts during execution:
 2. **Frame Metadata (`output.jsonl`)**:
 
    - A synchronized JSON Lines file containing raw detection data for every frame.
-   - Useful for debugging model performance or retraining.
 
 3. **Alert Log (`alerts.jsonl`)**:
 
    - A structured log file containing **only** confirmed smoking events.
-   - Use this file to trigger external notifications or audit logic.
 
 4. **Event Clips (`events/event_<timestamp>.mp4`)**:
 
@@ -104,11 +120,20 @@ The system generates four types of artifacts during execution:
    - Includes 2 seconds of pre-event context and 3 seconds post-event.
    - Automatically extends if smoking continues.
 
-5. **Application Logs (`logs/pipeline.log`)**:
+5. **Screenshots (`screenshots/alert_<frame>_<conf>.jpg`)**:
+
+   - Annotated JPG images saved when alerts fire.
+   - Useful for evidence/audit trails without full video.
+
+6. **Application Logs (`logs/pipeline.log`)**:
 
    - Rotating log files with detailed debug information.
    - Includes thread names, function calls, and timing data.
 
+7. **Metrics Summary** (printed on exit):
+
+   - Total frames, average FPS, latency, detection counts by label.
+
 ## 📂 Project Structure
 
 ```text
@@ -118,26 +143,79 @@ gp/
 ├── models/                  # Directory for .pt model weights
 ├── logs/                    # Rotating application logs
 ├── events/                  # Smart event clips (auto-created)
+├── screenshots/             # Alert evidence images
+│
 ├── pipeline/
-│   ├── core.py              # Main logic loop (Pipeline class, Async Inference)
-│   ├── models.py            # Ultralytics model wrappers (GPU-enabled)
-│   ├── sources.py           # Stream inputs (File, ThreadedRTSP)
-│   ├── outputs.py           # Sinks (VideoFileStore, SmartEventSink, FileAlertStore)
+│   ├── config.py            # PipelineConfig dataclass (all thresholds)
+│   ├── core.py              # SmokingDetectionPipeline (async inference)
 │   ├── protocols.py         # Interfaces (Model, Verifier, Sink, StreamSource)
-│   └── types.py             # Data classes (Frame, Detection, Ticket, NMS)
+│   ├── types.py             # Data classes (Frame, Detection, Ticket, BoundingBox)
+│   │
+│   ├── models/              # ML model wrappers
+│   │   └── yolo.py          # YOLO person/cig/classifier (GPU-enabled)
+│   │
+│   ├── sources/             # Stream inputs
+│   │   ├── file.py          # FileStreamSource (video files, image sequences)
+│   │   └── stream.py        # ThreadedStreamSource (RTSP, webcam)
+│   │
+│   ├── sinks/               # Output handlers
+│   │   ├── alerts.py        # FileAlertStore (JSONL)
+│   │   ├── display.py       # WindowDisplaySink (live preview)
+│   │   ├── events.py        # SmartEventSink (clip recorder)
+│   │   ├── metrics.py       # MetricsSink (FPS, latency, counts)
+│   │   ├── screenshots.py   # ScreenshotSink (evidence images)
+│   │   └── video.py         # VideoFileStore (async video writer)
+│   │
+│   └── ops/                 # Algorithms & utilities
+│       ├── nms.py           # Non-Maximum Suppression
+│       ├── geometry.py      # Box expansion, zone filtering
+│       └── drawing.py       # Visualization helpers
+│
+└── tools/
+    └── webcam_check.py      # Utility to list available webcams
 ```
 
-## ⚙️ Performance Tuning
+## ⚙️ Configuration
 
-The pipeline is designed for real-time performance. Key parameters in `main.py`:
+All pipeline thresholds are centralized in `pipeline/config.py`:
 
 ```python
-pipeline = SmokingDetectionPipeline(
-    ...
-    inference_interval=0.5,  # Idle: 2 FPS (saves GPU when empty)
-    active_interval=0.0,     # Active: Process every frame
-    cooldown_frames=60,      # Stay active 2s after person leaves
-)
+@dataclass
+class PipelineConfig:
+    # Detection thresholds
+    person_nms_iou: float = 0.7
+    cig_nms_iou: float = 0.5
+
+    # Confidence thresholds
+    cig_min_confidence: float = 0.2   # Minimum to consider
+    cig_high_confidence: float = 0.8  # Skip verifier if above
+    verify_threshold: float = 0.8     # Verifier must exceed
+
+    # Adaptive sampling
+    idle_interval: float = 0.5   # 2 FPS when idle
+    active_interval: float = 0.0 # Max FPS when active
+    cooldown_frames: int = 60    # Stay active after detection
 ```
 
-For RTSP streams, the `ThreadedRTSPSource` uses a background thread to prevent frame buildup and handles reconnection automatically.
+Pass a custom config to the pipeline:
+
+```python
+from pipeline.config import PipelineConfig
+
+config = PipelineConfig(
+    cig_high_confidence=0.9,  # Stricter early exit
+    idle_interval=1.0,        # 1 FPS when idle
+)
+
+pipeline = SmokingDetectionPipeline(..., config=config)
+```
+
+## 🔧 Performance Tuning
+
+For RTSP streams, the `ThreadedStreamSource` uses a background thread to prevent frame buildup and handles reconnection automatically.
+
+Key tuning parameters:
+
+- `idle_interval`: Increase to save GPU when scene is empty
+- `active_interval`: Set to 0.0 for max detection rate
+- `cig_high_confidence`: Lower for faster alerts, higher for fewer false positives

legacy/test_cam.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import cv2
-import time
 import threading
+import time
 from collections import deque
+
+import cv2
 from ultralytics.models import YOLO
 
 # ========= CẤU HÌNH =========

main.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import logging.handlers
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from pipeline.config import PipelineConfig
 from pipeline.core import SmokingDetectionPipeline
 from pipeline.models import YoloCigaretteDetector, YoloClassifier, YoloPersonDetector
 from pipeline.sinks import (
@@ -165,17 +166,20 @@ def main():
         display_sink = WindowDisplaySink("Smoking Detection", scale=1.0)
         sinks.append(display_sink)
 
+    # Build pipeline config
+    config = PipelineConfig(
+        idle_interval=0.5,  # 2 FPS when nobody around
+        active_interval=0.0,  # Max speed when person detected
+        cooldown_frames=int(source.fps * 2),  # Stay active 2s after detection
+    )
+
     pipeline = SmokingDetectionPipeline(
         person_model=person_model,
         cigarette_model=cigarette_model,
         verifier_model=verifier,
-        vlm_model=None,  # Optional
+        vlm_model=None,
         sinks=sinks,
-        inference_interval=0.5,  # Slow mode (2 FPS) when nobody is home
-        active_interval=0.0,  # Max speed when person detected
-        cooldown_frames=int(
-            source.fps * 2
-        ),  # Stay active for 2 seconds after person leaves
+        config=config,
     )
 
     logger.info("Starting pipeline with %d sinks...", len(sinks))

pipeline/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Pipeline configuration."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PipelineConfig:
+    """All pipeline thresholds and settings in one place."""
+
+    # Detection thresholds
+    person_nms_iou: float = 0.7
+    cig_nms_iou: float = 0.5
+    final_nms_iou: float = 0.5
+
+    # Confidence thresholds
+    cig_min_confidence: float = 0.2  # Minimum to consider a candidate
+    cig_high_confidence: float = 0.8  # Skip verifier if above this
+    verify_threshold: float = 0.8  # Verifier must exceed this
+
+    # Size filters (pixels)
+    min_crop_size: int = 10  # Minimum dimension for valid crop
+    min_cig_size: int = 10  # Minimum cig box dimension
+
+    # Person crop expansion
+    person_margin: float = 0.2  # 20% expansion around person box
+
+    # Verification crop padding
+    cig_crop_padding: float = 0.5  # 50% padding around cig for context
+
+    # Adaptive sampling
+    idle_interval: float = 0.5  # Seconds between inference when idle
+    active_interval: float = 0.0  # Seconds between inference when active
+    cooldown_frames: int = 60  # Frames to stay active after last detection
+
+
+# Default config instance
+DEFAULT_CONFIG = PipelineConfig()

pipeline/core.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+"""Smoking Detection Pipeline - Main orchestration."""
+
 import concurrent.futures
 import logging
 import time
 from collections import deque
 from concurrent.futures import Future
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
 
+from pipeline.config import DEFAULT_CONFIG, PipelineConfig
 from pipeline.ops import nms_by_class
 from pipeline.protocols import Model, Sink, StreamSource, Verifier
 from pipeline.types import BoundingBox, Detection, Frame, Ticket
@@ -12,7 +16,26 @@ from pipeline.types import BoundingBox, Detection, Frame, Ticket
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+@dataclass
+class InferenceResult:
+    """Result of a single inference pass."""
+
+    has_activity: bool
+    detections: List[Detection]
+    ticket: Optional[Ticket] = None
+
+
 class SmokingDetectionPipeline:
+    """
+    Multi-stage smoking detection pipeline.
+
+    Stage 1: Person Detection (broad phase)
+    Stage 2: Cigarette Detection (narrow phase, per-person crops)
+    Stage 3: Verification (classifier confirmation)
+
+    Supports early exit at Stage 2 if cigarette confidence is high enough.
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         person_model: Model,
@@ -20,306 +43,329 @@ class SmokingDetectionPipeline:
         verifier_model: Verifier,
         vlm_model: Optional[Verifier] = None,
         sinks: Optional[list[Sink]] = None,
-        inference_interval: float = 0.5,
-        active_interval: float = 0.0,
-        cooldown_frames: int = 60,
+        config: Optional[PipelineConfig] = None,
     ):
         self.person_model = person_model
         self.cigarette_model = cigarette_model
         self.verifier_model = verifier_model
         self.vlm_model = vlm_model
         self.sinks = sinks or []
+        self.cfg = config or DEFAULT_CONFIG
 
-        # Adaptive Sampling Settings
-        self.idle_interval = inference_interval
-        self.active_interval = active_interval
-        self.cooldown_frames = cooldown_frames
-
-        # State
-        self.current_interval = self.idle_interval
+        # Adaptive sampling state
+        self.current_interval = self.cfg.idle_interval
         self.active_cooldown = 0
         self.last_inference_time = 0.0
 
-        # Async Inference State
+        # Async inference state
         self.executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
-        self.current_future: Optional[Future] = None
-        self.latest_detections: List[
-            Detection
-        ] = []  # Cache for display to prevent flickering
-        self.latest_ticket: Optional[Ticket] = None
+        self.current_future: Optional[Future[InferenceResult]] = None
+        self.latest_result: Optional[InferenceResult] = None
 
-        # Buffer for temporal context (optional, for VLM or sequence logic)
+        # Frame buffer for temporal context
         self.frame_buffer = deque(maxlen=30)
+
         logger.info(
-            f"Pipeline initialized with {len(self.sinks)} sinks. Async Inference enabled."
+            "Pipeline initialized with %d sinks. Config: %s",
+            len(self.sinks),
+            self.cfg,
         )
 
     def process_stream(self, source: StreamSource):
-        """Main loop processing the video stream."""
+        """Main loop: read frames, schedule inference, dispatch to sinks."""
         logger.info("Starting stream processing...")
-        count = 0
+        frame_count = 0
 
         for frame in source.stream():
-            count += 1
-            if count % 100 == 0:
-                logger.info(f"Processed {count} frames...")
+            frame_count += 1
+            if frame_count % 100 == 0:
+                logger.info("Processed %d frames...", frame_count)
+
             self.frame_buffer.append(frame)
+            self._poll_inference_result(frame)
+            self._maybe_schedule_inference(frame)
+            self._apply_detections_to_frame(frame)
+            self._dispatch_to_sinks(frame)
 
-            # 1. Check if previous inference finished
-            if self.current_future and self.current_future.done():
-                try:
-                    # Retrieve results from the finished job
-                    has_activity, detections, ticket = self.current_future.result()
-
-                    # Update Cache
-                    self.latest_detections = detections
-                    self.latest_ticket = ticket
-                    self.current_future = None
-
-                    # Adaptive Logic Update
-                    if has_activity:
-                        if self.current_interval != self.active_interval:
-                            logger.info(
-                                "Frame %s: Activity detected! Switching to ACTIVE mode (0s interval).",
-                                frame.frame_id,
-                            )
-                        self.current_interval = self.active_interval
-                        self.active_cooldown = self.cooldown_frames
-                    elif self.active_cooldown > 0:
-                        if self.active_cooldown % 30 == 0:
-                            logger.debug(
-                                "Cooling down... %s frames left.", self.active_cooldown
-                            )
-                        self.active_cooldown -= 1
-                    else:
-                        if self.current_interval != self.idle_interval:
-                            logger.info(
-                                "Cooldown complete. Switching to IDLE mode (0.5s interval)."
-                            )
-                        self.current_interval = self.idle_interval
-
-                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.error(f"Inference error: {e}")
-                    self.current_future = None
-
-            # 2. Schedule new inference if idle and time condition met
-            now = frame.timestamp
-            time_since_last = now - self.last_inference_time
-
-            if self.current_future is None and time_since_last >= self.current_interval:
-                # Submit 'detect' job. We pass a COPY of data or rely on immutable usage.
-                # Frame.data is numpy, which is mutable but we trust models not to write to it.
-                # Since models might run on GPU/Thread, and we continue, it's safer to not rely on 'frame' object mutation.
-                # We will return the results and apply them later.
-                self.last_inference_time = now
-                self.current_future = self.executor.submit(self._run_inference, frame)
-
-            # 3. Apply cached detections to current frame for visualization
-            # This ensures smooth video output even if inference runs at lower fps
-            frame.detections = self.latest_detections.copy()
-
-            # Ticket dispatch: Only attach to ONE frame, then clear
-            # This prevents duplicate alerts in sinks like FileAlertStore
-            if self.latest_ticket:
-                frame.ticket = self.latest_ticket
-                self.latest_ticket = None  # Consume the ticket
-
-            # Update sinks (Visualizers, etc)
-            for sink in self.sinks:
-                sink.handle(frame)
-
-        logger.info("Stream processing finished.")
+        logger.info("Stream finished. Total frames: %d", frame_count)
         self.executor.shutdown(wait=False)
 
-    def _run_inference(
-        self, frame: Frame
-    ) -> Tuple[bool, List[Detection], Optional[Ticket]]:
+    def _poll_inference_result(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Check if async inference completed, update state."""
+        if not self.current_future or not self.current_future.done():
+            return
+
+        try:
+            self.latest_result = self.current_future.result()
+            self._update_adaptive_sampling(frame, self.latest_result.has_activity)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error("Inference error: %s", e)
+        finally:
+            self.current_future = None
+
+    def _update_adaptive_sampling(self, frame: Frame, has_activity: bool):
+        """Switch between idle/active modes based on detections."""
+        if has_activity:
+            if self.current_interval != self.cfg.active_interval:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Frame %d: Activity! Switching to ACTIVE mode.", frame.frame_id
+                )
+            self.current_interval = self.cfg.active_interval
+            self.active_cooldown = self.cfg.cooldown_frames
+        elif self.active_cooldown > 0:
+            self.active_cooldown -= 1
+        else:
+            if self.current_interval != self.cfg.idle_interval:
+                logger.info("Cooldown complete. Switching to IDLE mode.")
+            self.current_interval = self.cfg.idle_interval
+
+    def _maybe_schedule_inference(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Schedule inference if enough time has passed."""
+        if self.current_future is not None:
+            return
+
+        time_since_last = frame.timestamp - self.last_inference_time
+        if time_since_last >= self.current_interval:
+            self.last_inference_time = frame.timestamp
+            self.current_future = self.executor.submit(self._run_inference, frame)
+
+    def _apply_detections_to_frame(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Apply cached detections to current frame for visualization."""
+        if self.latest_result:
+            frame.detections = self.latest_result.detections.copy()
+
+            # Consume ticket (only dispatch once)
+            if self.latest_result.ticket:
+                frame.ticket = self.latest_result.ticket
+                self.latest_result.ticket = None
+
+    def _dispatch_to_sinks(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Send frame to all registered sinks."""
+        for sink in self.sinks:
+            sink.handle(frame)
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Inference Chain
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _run_inference(self, frame: Frame) -> InferenceResult:
         """
-        Runs the full detection chain.
-        Returns (ActivityDetected, ListOfDetections, TicketOrNone).
-        Does NOT modify frame in place (thread safety).
+        Full detection chain. Thread-safe (doesn't mutate frame).
+
+        Returns InferenceResult with detections and optional ticket.
         """
         t0 = time.time()
-        detections = []
-
-        # --- Step 1: Broad Phase (Person Detection) ---
-        people = self.person_model.predict(frame.data)
-
-        people = nms_by_class(people, iou_threshold=0.7)
+        detections: List[Detection] = []
 
+        # Stage 1: Person Detection
+        people = self._detect_people(frame)
         detections.extend(people)
 
         if not people:
-            # logger.debug("No people found.")
-            return False, detections, None
+            return InferenceResult(has_activity=False, detections=detections)
 
-        # --- Step 2: Narrow Phase (Cigarette Candidate) ---
-        candidates = self._find_candidates(frame, people, detections)
+        # Stage 2: Cigarette Detection (with early exit for high confidence)
+        candidates, early_hit = self._detect_cigarettes(frame, people, detections)
+
+        if early_hit:
+            # High-confidence cig detection, skip verifier
+            ticket = self._create_ticket(frame, early_hit, stage="Detector")
+            detections = nms_by_class(detections, self.cfg.final_nms_iou)
+            self._log_inference_time(t0)
+            return InferenceResult(
+                has_activity=True, detections=detections, ticket=ticket
+            )
 
         if not candidates:
-            return True, detections, None
+            return InferenceResult(has_activity=True, detections=detections)
 
-        # --- Step 3: Verification (Classifier) ---
-        best_hit = self._verify_candidates(frame, candidates, detections)
+        # Stage 3: Verification
+        verified_hit = self._verify_candidates(frame, candidates, detections)
 
         ticket = None
-        # --- Step 4: Action ---
-        if best_hit:
-            person, cig, score = best_hit
-            logger.info("CONFIRMED SMOKING! Score: %.2f", score)
-            ticket = Ticket(
-                frame_id=frame.frame_id,
-                confidence=score,
-                evidence=[frame.data],  # Note: this keeps ref to image data
-                stage_confirmed="Verifier",
-            )
+        if verified_hit:
+            ticket = self._create_ticket(frame, verified_hit, stage="Verifier")
 
-            # Add the verified box to detections for visualization
-            verified_det = Detection(
-                box=BoundingBox(
-                    x1=person.box.x1
-                    + cig.box.x1,  # Approx logic, need exact coords from find_candidates
-                    y1=person.box.y1 + cig.box.y1,
-                    x2=person.box.x1 + cig.box.x2,
-                    y2=person.box.y1 + cig.box.y2,
-                    conf=score,  # Placeholder
-                ),
-                score=score,
-                label="verified_smoking",
-            )
-            detections.append(verified_det)
+        detections = nms_by_class(detections, self.cfg.final_nms_iou)
+        self._log_inference_time(t0)
+        return InferenceResult(has_activity=True, detections=detections, ticket=ticket)
 
-        # Clean up overlapping boxes from model output
-        detections = nms_by_class(detections, iou_threshold=0.5)
+    def _detect_people(self, frame: Frame) -> List[Detection]:
+        """Stage 1: Detect people in frame."""
+        people = self.person_model.predict(frame.data)
+        return nms_by_class(people, self.cfg.person_nms_iou)
 
-        dt = time.time() - t0
-        if dt > 0.1:
-            logger.debug("Inference took %.3fs (Slow)", dt)
+    def _detect_cigarettes(
+        self,
+        frame: Frame,
+        people: List[Detection],
+        detections_out: List[Detection],
+    ) -> Tuple[List[Tuple], Optional[Tuple]]:
+        """
+        Stage 2: Detect cigarettes in person crops.
 
-        return True, detections, ticket
-
-    def _find_candidates(
-        self, frame: Frame, people: List[Detection], detections_out: List[Detection]
-    ) -> List[Tuple[Detection, List[Detection], Tuple[int, int]]]:
-        """Runs cigarette detection on expanded person crops.
-
-        Args:
-            detections_out: List to append candidate detections to (thread-safe output)
+        Returns:
+            (candidates, early_hit)
+            - candidates: list of (person, cigs, offset) for verification
+            - early_hit: (person, cig, score, offset) if high-confidence detection, else None
         """
         candidates = []
+        early_hit = None
         h_img, w_img = frame.data.shape[:2]
-        margin = 0.2  # 20% expansion
+        cfg = self.cfg
 
         for person in people:
-            # 1. Expand Box
-            pb = person.box
-            bw = pb.x2 - pb.x1
-            bh = pb.y2 - pb.y1
-
-            ex1 = max(0, int(pb.x1 - bw * margin))
-            ey1 = max(0, int(pb.y1 - bh * margin))
-            ex2 = min(w_img, int(pb.x2 + bw * margin))
-            ey2 = min(h_img, int(pb.y2 + bh * margin))
-
-            # 2. Crop
+            # Expand person box
+            crop_box = self._expand_box(person.box, cfg.person_margin, w_img, h_img)
+            ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2 = crop_box
             person_crop = frame.data[ey1:ey2, ex1:ex2]
 
-            if (
-                person_crop.size == 0
-                or person_crop.shape[0] < 10
-                or person_crop.shape[1] < 10
-            ):
+            if not self._is_valid_crop(person_crop):
                 continue
 
-            # 3. Detect
-            cig_candidates = self.cigarette_model.predict(person_crop)
+            # Detect cigarettes in crop
+            cigs = self.cigarette_model.predict(person_crop)
+            cigs = self._filter_small_boxes(cigs, cfg.min_cig_size)
+            cigs = nms_by_class(cigs, cfg.cig_nms_iou)
 
-            # 4. Filter Noise + NMS (model can return overlapping boxes for same cig)
-            cig_candidates = [
-                c
-                for c in cig_candidates
-                if (c.box.x2 - c.box.x1) >= 10 and (c.box.y2 - c.box.y1) >= 10
-            ]
-            cig_candidates = nms_by_class(cig_candidates, iou_threshold=0.5)
+            for cig in cigs:
+                # Add to visualization
+                global_det = self._to_global_coords(cig, ex1, ey1, "candidate_cig")
+                detections_out.append(global_det)
 
-            if cig_candidates:
-                candidates.append((person, cig_candidates, (ex1, ey1)))
-
-                # 5. Global Coordinate Mapping (For Visualization)
-                for cig in cig_candidates:
-                    global_cig = Detection(
-                        box=BoundingBox(
-                            x1=ex1 + cig.box.x1,
-                            y1=ey1 + cig.box.y1,
-                            x2=ex1 + cig.box.x2,
-                            y2=ey1 + cig.box.y2,
-                            conf=cig.box.conf,
-                        ),
-                        score=cig.score,
-                        label="candidate_cig",
-                        metadata=cig.metadata,
+                # Check for early exit (high confidence)
+                if cig.score >= cfg.cig_high_confidence and early_hit is None:
+                    early_hit = (person, cig, cig.score, (ex1, ey1))
+                    logger.info(
+                        "High-confidence cig detection (%.2f) - skipping verifier",
+                        cig.score,
                     )
-                    detections_out.append(global_cig)
 
-        return candidates
+            if cigs:
+                candidates.append((person, cigs, (ex1, ey1)))
+
+        return candidates, early_hit
 
     def _verify_candidates(
-        self, frame: Frame, candidates: List[Tuple], detections_out: List[Detection]
+        self,
+        frame: Frame,
+        candidates: List[Tuple],
+        detections_out: List[Detection],
     ) -> Optional[Tuple]:
-        """Runs verification on candidate crops.
-
-        Args:
-            detections_out: List to append verified detections to (thread-safe output)
         """
-        confirmed_hits = []
+        Stage 3: Run classifier on cigarette crops.
+
+        Returns best (person, cig, score, offset) if verified, else None.
+        """
+        confirmed = []
+        h_img, w_img = frame.data.shape[:2]
+        cfg = self.cfg
 
         for person, cigs, (ex1, ey1) in candidates:
             for cig in cigs:
-                # 1. Derive Crop Coordinates
-                cig_w = cig.box.x2 - cig.box.x1
-                cig_h = cig.box.y2 - cig.box.y1
-
-                pad_x = int(cig_w * 0.5)
-                pad_y = int(cig_h * 0.5)
-
-                global_cx1 = ex1 + max(0, cig.box.x1 - pad_x)
-                global_cy1 = ey1 + max(0, cig.box.y1 - pad_y)
-                global_cx2 = ex1 + cig.box.x2 + pad_x
-                global_cy2 = ey1 + cig.box.y2 + pad_y
-
-                # Check bounds
-                h_img, w_img = frame.data.shape[:2]
-                final_x1 = max(0, global_cx1)
-                final_y1 = max(0, global_cy1)
-                final_x2 = min(w_img, global_cx2)
-                final_y2 = min(h_img, global_cy2)
-
-                # 2. Crop
-                obj_crop = frame.data[final_y1:final_y2, final_x1:final_x2]
-
-                if obj_crop.size == 0:
+                # Already caught by early exit?
+                if cig.score >= cfg.cig_high_confidence:
                     continue
 
-                # 3. Verify
-                score = self.verifier_model.verify(obj_crop)
+                # Extract padded crop for classifier
+                crop = self._extract_cig_crop(frame.data, cig, ex1, ey1, w_img, h_img)
+                if crop.size == 0:
+                    continue
 
-                if score > 0.8:  # High confidence
-                    confirmed_hits.append((person, cig, score))
+                score = self.verifier_model.verify(crop)
 
-                    verified_det = Detection(
-                        box=BoundingBox(
-                            x1=ex1 + cig.box.x1,
-                            y1=ey1 + cig.box.y1,
-                            x2=ex1 + cig.box.x2,
-                            y2=ey1 + cig.box.y2,
-                            conf=score,
-                        ),
-                        score=score,
-                        label="verified_smoking",
-                        metadata={"verifier_score": score},
+                if score >= cfg.verify_threshold:
+                    confirmed.append((person, cig, score, (ex1, ey1)))
+
+                    # Add verified detection
+                    verified_det = self._to_global_coords(
+                        cig, ex1, ey1, "verified_smoking"
                     )
+                    verified_det.score = score
+                    verified_det.metadata["verifier_score"] = score
                     detections_out.append(verified_det)
 
-        if confirmed_hits:
-            return max(confirmed_hits, key=lambda x: x[2])
-        return None
+        return max(confirmed, key=lambda x: x[2]) if confirmed else None
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Helpers
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _expand_box(
+        self, box: BoundingBox, margin: float, w_max: int, h_max: int
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Expand box by margin, clamped to image bounds."""
+        bw, bh = box.x2 - box.x1, box.y2 - box.y1
+        x1 = max(0, int(box.x1 - bw * margin))
+        y1 = max(0, int(box.y1 - bh * margin))
+        x2 = min(w_max, int(box.x2 + bw * margin))
+        y2 = min(h_max, int(box.y2 + bh * margin))
+        return x1, y1, x2, y2
+
+    def _is_valid_crop(self, crop) -> bool:
+        """Check if crop is large enough to process."""
+        return (
+            crop.size > 0
+            and crop.shape[0] >= self.cfg.min_crop_size
+            and crop.shape[1] >= self.cfg.min_crop_size
+        )
+
+    def _filter_small_boxes(
+        self, detections: List[Detection], min_size: int
+    ) -> List[Detection]:
+        """Remove boxes smaller than min_size."""
+        return [
+            d
+            for d in detections
+            if (d.box.x2 - d.box.x1) >= min_size and (d.box.y2 - d.box.y1) >= min_size
+        ]
+
+    def _to_global_coords(
+        self, det: Detection, offset_x: int, offset_y: int, label: str
+    ) -> Detection:
+        """Convert detection from crop coords to global frame coords."""
+        return Detection(
+            box=BoundingBox(
+                x1=offset_x + det.box.x1,
+                y1=offset_y + det.box.y1,
+                x2=offset_x + det.box.x2,
+                y2=offset_y + det.box.y2,
+                conf=det.box.conf,
+            ),
+            score=det.score,
+            label=label,
+            metadata=det.metadata.copy(),
+        )
+
+    def _extract_cig_crop(
+        self, image, cig: Detection, ex1: int, ey1: int, w_max: int, h_max: int
+    ):
+        """Extract padded crop around cigarette for verification."""
+        pad = self.cfg.cig_crop_padding
+        cig_w = cig.box.x2 - cig.box.x1
+        cig_h = cig.box.y2 - cig.box.y1
+
+        # Global coords with padding
+        x1 = max(0, ex1 + cig.box.x1 - int(cig_w * pad))
+        y1 = max(0, ey1 + cig.box.y1 - int(cig_h * pad))
+        x2 = min(w_max, ex1 + cig.box.x2 + int(cig_w * pad))
+        y2 = min(h_max, ey1 + cig.box.y2 + int(cig_h * pad))
+
+        return image[y1:y2, x1:x2]
+
+    def _create_ticket(self, frame: Frame, hit: Tuple, stage: str) -> Ticket:
+        """Create alert ticket from detection hit."""
+        person, cig, score, (ex1, ey1) = hit
+        logger.info("CONFIRMED SMOKING! Score: %.2f (Stage: %s)", score, stage)
+        return Ticket(
+            frame_id=frame.frame_id,
+            confidence=score,
+            evidence=[frame.data],
+            stage_confirmed=stage,
+        )
+
+    def _log_inference_time(self, t0: float):
+        """Log if inference was slow."""
+        dt = time.time() - t0
+        if dt > 0.1:
+            logger.debug("Inference took %.3fs (slow)", dt)